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Soil fertility selection is based on thick sandy soil layer, loose soil, sandy loam soil or slightly acidic soil with high organic matter content, and field crops without legume cultivation for more than two years. Lime and acidity should be applied if the soil pH value is below 5.5. In order to facilitate the growth of kidney beans. After deep plowing, apply 1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer and soil miscellaneous fertilizer per acre, apply 30-50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and 15 kilograms of potash, and mix well and prepare a high sorghum, each sill being 1.8-2.0 meters wide. Ditch), 20-25 cm high, 30 cm deep. Sow after a day or two in the sun.
Seasonal selection of beans can be sowed twice a year, autumn sowing in mid-July to early August (Spring sowing in late February to early April). The specific planting time should be balanced with the fact that it does not grow during the frost period and does not bloom during the hottest period. Because the bean is a thermophilic plant, it is not tolerant of frost and frost. The optimum temperature for growth is 13-25 degrees Celsius, and 20 degrees is the best. The optimum temperature for flowering and scarring is 15-25 degrees Celsius. When the alfalfa temperature is 13 degrees and the night temperature is at 8 degrees, the growth is almost stopped. The alfalfa temperature is 18 degrees. The flowering and harvesting are delayed when the night temperature is 13 degrees. If the flowering period encounters a low temperature of 15 degrees, there are the number of seeds and the number of beans. The number of grains decreased; at higher temperatures, growth and development were promoted, the number of flower bud differentiation and flowering number both increased, and the flowering period was also relatively early. However, if the temperature exceeded 30 degrees Celsius, the flowering and falling out phenomenon would easily occur and the yield would be reduced. In general, spring sowing beans are most afraid to encounter repeated low temperature or continuous rainy weather, easy to cause bad seeds and dead seedlings, if the conditions permit is best to cover the cultivation of plastic film.
Soybean seedlings are often sown on the surface of the bean seed. Soaking with thiophanate-methyl 500-1000 times for 15 minutes before sowing can prevent seedling gray mold; seed soaking with 1% formalin for 20 minutes can reduce Anthracnose occurs, and then rinsed with water and sowed. It is also possible to sow 0.3% of the seeds for seeding after seed dressing. The plant spacing is 30 to 35 centimeters, 1-2 seeds per litter, and the seed amount per mu is 2 About kilograms. When sowing the soil should not be too deep, otherwise it is not easy to emerge seedlings easily, after sowing, we can see if the soil is wet or dry with water once or not. The optimum germination temperature for bean seeds is 18-28 degrees Celsius, and the germination days are 3-4 days. When the temperature is low, the germination time is relatively extended, but the minimum is not less than 15 degrees Celsius. In addition, it is best to plant seeds for 2-3 days before sowing, which can promote the neat germination, and also prevent the sowing of the rotten species that is prevented from sowing in the low temperature period.
Fertilizer and water management The kidney bean plants produce strong growth when the soil moisture is high. If it is too dry, the growth is slow. However, when it is too wet, the yellow leaves of the basal leaves are removed or the plants die. Therefore, timely irrigation or drainage is needed depending on the situation. The demand for fertilizers increased significantly with flowering and podging. After flower buds differentiated, nitrogen promoted plant growth, increased flowering numbers, and increased crusting. However, if nitrogen fertilizer and excessive water content were excessive, the stems and leaves would grow in length but fall. Therefore, the top dressing depends on the growth potential. It is usually after the second pair of true leaves grows and is poured with 10% of feces or 3-5 kg ​​of urea. When the plants start to grow, the compound fertilizer foam is used again. After the water diverges, it will be replenished with water once, and the amount of fertilizer per acre will be 6-9 kilograms to control the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, it is necessary to provide less irrigation water for preventing cold wave in spring. When the flowering begins, the compound fertilizer is applied twice, each 12-15 kg.
Flowering management of flower buds of kidney bean has started from the seedling stage, generally begins to differentiate 20-25 days after sowing, but the date of flowering should be 35-40 days after sowing, and the accumulated temperature should reach 700-800 degrees Celsius before actually flowering. The pupa (860-1150 degrees Celsius), the flowering period is about 12-19 days (random species about 25-44 days). Before flowering, use 1500 times of the farmer's flowering essence for foliar and stem spraying to promote flowering and increase scab; during flowering, use 5-25 mg/L of b-naphthalene acetate solution or 0.3% of phosphoric acid. Hydrogen potassium foliar spray has a certain effect on the prevention of falling flowers.
Timely harvesting generally, 10-15 days after flowering can be harvested, tender oysters, 15-20 days when the temperature is low, when the pods from the flat round, color from green to light green, shiny appearance is suitable for mining period. In general, dwarf beans from sowing to harvesting, autumn sowing in about 50-55 days (55-65 days in spring sowing), the general yield of about 1,000 kilograms per mu.
Non-seed bean cultivation technology
Beans, also known as green beans, kidney beans, and soy beans, have many varieties. At present, there is a low-cultivation plant type, which does not need a stand when it is cultivated, which can save costs and labor, and has strong growth, easy cultivation, and higher yield than the same type. Its greatest advantage is that it can be harvested after about 58 days after sowing. . Here are the highlights of the cultivation of this Taiwanese variety.